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The Siddha Medical Tradition

Ancient – Medieval · 1000 BCE onward Tamil Nadu
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One of the world's oldest documented medical systems, attributed to the 18 Siddhars, combining herbal pharmacology, mineral preparations and a holistic theory of the body's five elements.

Siddha medicine catalogues thousands of herbal, metallic and mineral formulations and a diagnostic method centred on pulse reading (naadi). Texts attributed to Siddhars like Agastya and Bogar describe preparation techniques (parpam, chenduram) that prefigure aspects of modern pharmaceutical chemistry.

Source: Siddhar palm-leaf manuscripts

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